{"id":2941,"date":"2020-09-25T11:26:38","date_gmt":"2020-09-25T15:26:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/?p=2941"},"modified":"2020-09-25T11:26:38","modified_gmt":"2020-09-25T15:26:38","slug":"a-russian-planet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/index.php\/2020\/09\/25\/a-russian-planet\/","title":{"rendered":"A Russian Planet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>I usually don&#8217;t talk about this aspect of Article II of the Outer Space Treaty because it applies to governmental appropriation.\u00a0 But the head of the Russian Space Agency, Dmitry Rogozin, who is the director general of Russian space corporation Roscosmos, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.businessinsider.com\/venus-is-a-russian-planet-says-countrys-top-space-official-2020-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recently provided<\/a> a teachable moment.\u00a0 He called Venus a Russian planet.\u00a0 Russia, he pointed out, was the first and only country to successfully land a rover on Venus.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Venus-Images.tiff\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-2945\" src=\"https:\/\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Venus-Images.tiff\" alt=\"\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/><\/a> <img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" data-attachment-id=\"2946\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/index.php\/2020\/09\/25\/a-russian-planet\/screen-shot-2020-09-25-at-11-24-31-am\/\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?fit=606%2C609&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"606,609\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Screen Shot 2020-09-25 at 11.24.31 AM\" data-image-description=\"\" data-image-caption=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?fit=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?fit=606%2C609&amp;ssl=1\" class=\"wp-image-2946 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?resize=196%2C196&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"196\" height=\"196\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?resize=398%2C400&amp;ssl=1 398w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/groundbasedspacematters.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/Screen-Shot-2020-09-25-at-11.24.31-AM.png?w=606&amp;ssl=1 606w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 196px) 100vw, 196px\" \/>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.unoosa.org\/oosa\/en\/ourwork\/spacelaw\/treaties\/outerspacetreaty.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Outer Space Treaty<\/a>, of which Russia is a signatory, addresses claims of national appropriation&#8211;that is, where a country tries to claim ownership of a planet.\u00a0 Article II is against that. The treaty says:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Outer space, including the moon and other celestial bodies, is not subject to national appropriation by claim of sovereignty, by means of use or occupation, or by any other means.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>That&#8217;s pretty clear (despite the reliance on the dread passive voice).\u00a0 Were Russia to claim Venus, which is a celestial body, it would violate the Outer Space Treaty&#8217;s principle against nations appropriating outer space, including celestial bodies.\u00a0 True, the treaty doesn&#8217;t forbid all appropriation, but it does rule out &#8220;national&#8221; appropriation.<\/p>\n<p>I suspect Mr. Rogozin knows all this, and it&#8217;s not what he meant.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I usually don&#8217;t talk about this aspect of Article II of the Outer Space Treaty because it applies to governmental&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.9 - 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